A Deep Dive into Underground Mining in Secunda: Practices, Safety, and Effects
Underground mining plays a vital role in South Africa’s resource economy, particularly in regions like Secunda where coal extraction is key. According to the Minerals Council of South Africa, in 2024, the mining industry contributed 6% of the country’s GDP, amounting to R432.7 billion. It employed over 474,000 people, with total employee earnings reaching R195.3 billion.
As mining evolves, it is important to understand the methods used, the difference between mining types, the safety precautions in place, and the effects of underground mining on communities and the environment.
What Is Underground Mining?
Underground mining is the process of extracting minerals from beneath the earth’s surface. In Secunda, this method is used to mine bituminous coal – a high-quality energy source essential for industrial use. It is preferred when mineral deposits are too deep for surface mining to be economically viable.
Tim van Eeden, Specialist Trainer at SafetyCloud, with 25 years of experience in the mining sector, explains: “The methodology used in all operations in Secunda is called board and pillar mining. It resembles a chessboard layout, where certain pillars of coal are left intact to support the roof. This method is ideal for relatively shallow underground operations.”
The Difference Between Surface and Underground Mining
Understanding the difference between surface and underground mining is crucial. Surface mining involves removing soil and rock to access minerals near the surface. It’s often more cost-effective initially but causes greater environmental disruption.
Underground mining, by contrast, reduces surface damage but introduces complex challenges and higher safety risks. “Surface mining may experience high wall failures, like the tragic incident some years ago at a mine in Hamburg where it took three years to recover the final victim,” says van Eeden. “Underground mining reduces such surface risks but introduces dangers like fall-of-ground incidents – the leading cause of fatalities underground.”
In 2024, the South African mining industry recorded 42 fatalities. Thirteen of these were caused by fall-of-ground (FOG) incidents – a slight improvement from 15 in 2023 – but they still represent a significant portion of overall fatalities.
Underground Mining Safety Precautions
Underground mining safety in Secunda is a top priority. “Mines implement several layers of protection, including 3 metre by 3 metre safety pillars and daily roof support systems using bolts and struts,” explains van Eeden. “These structures are critical for preventing collapses caused by geological faults.”
He adds that workers also undergo regular medical surveillance for diseases like silicosis, black lung and COPD, all linked to prolonged dust exposure. Mandatory training in PPE usage, hazard identification and risk mitigation further protects worker health.
“Before any mining starts, the support systems must be installed. That includes roof anchors and pillars. Safety comes first,” says van Eeden. “It’s also why training is so important. Teaching workers how to follow procedures and recognise risk isn’t just legal – it’s life-saving.”
If you’re in the mining industry, consider enrolling your team in SafetyCloud’s mining safety courses to strengthen operational safety and compliance.
The Effects of Underground Mining in Secunda: Supporting Growth With Less Surface Impact
While underground mining causes less surface disruption than open-pit mining, it still impacts public health and the environment. Coal must be transported to the surface, releasing dust and noise that can spread to nearby communities.
“What you mine underground must come to the surface. The risk doesn’t stay below,” says van Eeden. “Coal dust and transport noise can increase the risk of respiratory illnesses such as chronic bronchitis and silicosis.”
However, underground mining in Secunda supports economic development while preserving more of the natural landscape. It provides employment, powers industry, and – with strong safety protocols and environmental controls – minimises negative impacts.
Underground mining in Secunda is a vital contributor to South Africa’s energy sector and economy. Its risks can be managed through regulation, training and technological innovation.
To learn how to improve safety and compliance at your site, explore SafetyCloud’s accredited mining safety courses or contact us to speak to a mining safety expert.